| 《易经》：从“鬼谋”到“人谋” |
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| 引用本文：姜广辉.《易经》：从“鬼谋”到“人谋”[J].湖南大学学报社会科学版,2011,(5):14-23 |
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| 中文摘要:“鬼谋”、“人谋”之语出自《周易·系辞下》。“鬼谋”之义，系占问于鬼神以求决疑定谋。关于《周易》的性质，历史上有两派意见：一派认为《周易》是筮占之书，一派认为《周易》是说理之书。实则，《易经》作为中国文化元典之一，是一部系统模拟、效法“世界之理”的书，重卦形式是它的理论模型。每一卦一个主题，由卦爻辞的显性语言与易卦结构的隐性语言相结合，构成六十四篇阐释“世界之理”的精悍短文，立论通达，逻辑严整，面面俱到，给人以智慧的启迪和道德的教诫。整部著作完全是“纯理性”的分析，其中没有任何“天启”或“神意”的成分。故此书乃是“人谋”之书，而绝非“鬼谋”之书。在这个意义上，周人的《易经》文化相对于殷人的卜筮文化而言，是一次理性的飞跃发展。 |
| 中文关键词:易经 “鬼谋”、“人谋” 筮占之书、说理之书 |
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| Yijing: from “Counsels of Spiritual Beings” to “Counsels of Men” |
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| Abstract:The “counsels of spiritual beings” and the “counsels of men” are quoted from the “Xici ” of the Zhouyi. The meaning of the “counsels of spiritual beings” indicates inquiring to spiritual beings for advice on doubtful decisions and uncertain strategies. As for the nature of the Zhouyi, there are two kinds of opinions, i.e., considering the Zhouyi either a manual for divination or a book presenting particular theories. This article argues that the Yijing, one of the primary classics of Chinese culture, is a book systematically emulating and following the “theory of the world” with the form of doubling trigrams being its theoretical model. Each hexagram presents a theme. Compiling the verbal language of the hexagram and line statements and the structural language of the hexagrams, the sixty four concise essays of the “theory of the world” argue for the clear theories with rigorous logic and cover every corner of the world. They are wisdom stimulation and moral teachings. The entire classic is a totally pure theoretical analysis without any components of “apocalypse” or “tawakal.” Therefore, rather than a book of the “counsels of spiritual beings,” definitely, this is a book of the “counsels of men.” From this perspective, the culture of Zhou’s Yijing is a rational and tremendous advance from Yin’s culture of divination. |
| keywords:Yijing “Counsels of spiritual beings” “Counsels of men” manual for divination, book presenting theories |
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