论二程“以理代道”的理论建构及其旨趣

张子峻; 颜小梅

论二程“以理代道”的理论建构及其旨趣

引用本文：张子峻,颜小梅.论二程“以理代道”的理论建构及其旨趣[J].湖南大学学报社会科学版,2021,(4):35-40

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作者	单位
张子峻,颜小梅	（湖南大学岳麓书院，湖南长沙 410082）

中文摘要:二程以“天即理”“性即理”“礼即理”建构其天理论，取代“天即道”“性即道”“礼即道”，确立“理”之至上本体地位，完成“以理代道”的术语转换。“以理代道”的目的，乃借“理”之分殊性统摄宇宙万物，以此连通“理”与“事”。这缘于在理论上言，“理”既可是至上无二之“一理”，又能是分殊蕴于万物之“万理”“众理”，正是基于此，二程强调由“一理”统摄“万理”，从而在哲学上解决了形上之“理”与形下之“事”的同一性问题，做到体用、理事不二。如此，从理的统摄性和万殊的差异性，形塑一个整体秩序，从而为其秩序学说奠定哲学的基础。

中文关键词:道理以理代道理事不二

On the Theoretical Construction and Purport of the Cheng Brothers' Replacement of Dao with Principle

Abstract:The Cheng brothers constructed their theory upon which heaven is li, (human) nature is li and rites are li, thereby to respectively supplant the theses which hold that heaven is Dao, (human) nature is Dao and rites are Dao, establishing the supreme ontological status of Li (often translated as principle or cosmic principle) and completing the terminological shift of replacing Dao with Li. The purpose of replacing Dao with Li is to bring the universe and its myriad things into the subordination of Li, so as to connect principle with events. This is due to the theory that Li is not only the supreme unified principle of oneness, but also identified with the disparate individual principles embodied in the myriad things. In doing so, the Chengs emphasised that the unified principle of oneness should control the individual principles, thus solving the philosophical problem of identity of metaphysical li and physical events, demonstrating the inseparability of noumenon and function, of principle and event. As such, a holistic order was formed from the overarching superordination of Li and the diversity of the myriad things, thereby establishing a philosophical foundation for their theories of earthly order.

keywords:Dao principle replacing Dao with principle inseparability

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