| Abstract:Mencius interpreted “Wang” as “convincing people with virtue”and “Ba” as “convincing people with force”, which is somewhat biased. After Mencius, the idea of“considering Wang superior to Ba” has long been the mainstream view in academic circles. This article restores the real history of the “San Wang” and “Wu Ba” which means the “Three Kings and Five Overlords” and lists the discussions on the“Wang-Ba” or “Virtue and Force” during the Warring States period, the Han Dynasty, the early and mid-Tang Dynasty, the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and the early and the late Qing Dynasty. Today, we cannot treat the issue of “Wang”and “Ba” entirely on the basis of the views of Mencius, Dong Zhongshu, Zhu Xi, and others, but we should draw on Wang Chong’s“laying equal stress on literary and martial arts, and virtue and force can be sufficient”, Chen Liang’s “paying equal attention to Wang and Ba, and righteousness and benefits will go parallel”, and Zhao Yancheng’s political view that respected both virtue and force. The ancient “Wang-Ba” brings us the following thoughts and inspirations: as a sovereign state, neither a purely“virtuous”political ideology nor a purely“forceful” one is desirable. It is advisable to combine the two. |
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