宋人之“愚”：中国古代“愚宋”形象的建构与传播史

潘祥辉; 杜颖卉

宋人之“愚”：中国古代“愚宋”形象的建构与传播史

引用本文：潘祥辉，杜颖卉.宋人之“愚”：中国古代“愚宋”形象的建构与传播史[J].湖南大学学报社会科学版,2025,(1):141-150

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作者	单位
潘祥辉，杜颖卉	（南京大学新闻传播学院，江苏南京 210023）

中文摘要:“宋人皆愚”是自先秦广为流传的历史认知，集中体现在相关成语典故中。这一认知约于战国时期基本形成。《韩非子》《吕氏春秋》等先秦文献在建构“愚宋”形象中发挥着重要作用。宋国“殷商遗民”的政治身份，诸侯争霸中的没落，对文化传统的坚守以及战国诸子的“反面书写”，是“愚宋”形象的重要成因。“愚宋”不仅反映了各诸侯国军事、政治之间的竞争，也呈现了当时新旧价值与文化规范之间的嬗变和斗争。“愚宋”形象的传播过程中存在着“陈陈相因”的规律，展现了典籍、成语等媒介形式对社会记忆的固化作用。随着汉后诸子百家经典的流传以及学者对成语典故的称引、演绎，“愚宋”成为一种难以改观的刻板印象。不过这仅仅是一种话语建构和传播的结果，却未必符合历史事实。

中文关键词:宋国人成语典故形象建构华夏传播学

“The Stupidity of People in Song Kingdom”: The Construction and Dissemination History of the Image of “Foolish Song” in Ancient China

Abstract:That“All Song people are foolish” is a widely circulated historical cognition since the pre-Qin period，which is reflected in idioms，allusions，and fables related to the Song Kingdom. The image construction of the “foolish Song people” was basically formed during the Warring States period.The Pre-Qin literature such as Han Feizi and Lü Shi Chunqiu played an important role in constructing the image of “foolish Song people”.The political identity of the kingdom of Song as an “offspring of Shang Dynasty” and “descendant of a fallen country”，the decline of the Kingdom in the struggle for hegemony among feudal lords，the adherence of the Song people to cultural traditions, and the disparaging of Song’s stories by the Warring States scholars are the important reasons for the “stigmatization” of Song’s image. The emergence of the “Foolish Song” phenomenon not only reflects the competition between the military and political power of various states in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods，but also presents the evolution and struggle between the new and old social values and cultural norms of that era. There is a pattern of “persisting in the old ways without any change or improvement” in the dissemination of the image of “Foolish Song people”. The strengthening and dissemination of the image also demonstrates the solidification effect of media forms such as classics and idioms on social memory. After the Han Dynasty，with the spread of classics and idioms from various schools of thoughts，as well as the citation and interpretation by later scholars，the image gradually became fixed，ultimately forming a stereotype that was difficult to change. Although this stereotype is only the result of discourse construction or dissemination，it may not necessarily conform to historical facts.

keywords:Song people in the Spring and Autumn period idiom and allusion image construction Huaxia communication studies

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