桂北平话和湘南土话咸山摄一二等阳声韵读音类型

彭建国; 陆滢

桂北平话和湘南土话咸山摄一二等阳声韵读音类型

引用本文：彭建国，陆滢.桂北平话和湘南土话咸山摄一二等阳声韵读音类型[J].湖南大学学报社会科学版,2025,(3):72-81

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作者	单位
彭建国，陆滢	（湖南大学中国语言文学学院，湖南长沙 410082）

中文摘要:桂北平话和湘南土话咸山摄一二等阳声韵今读复杂，大部分方言的读音可分为文白两大层次。根据咸山摄是否合流、山摄开合口是否合流、咸山摄各自的一二等是否合流等标准，我们分出了若干种类型。两大方言在咸山摄一二等读音类型上既有共性，也呈现出各自的特点。共性体现为，白读层依声母的“钝”和“锐”特征分化出不同的音类，文读层则受到西南官话的影响，读音相对一致；咸山摄开口一等与二等见系字读音不混；山开一见系字韵母以圆唇元音为主，但通常与山合一有别。个性体现在山摄一等见系开合口是否相混等方面。共性反映了早期的格局，个性反映的是晚期的格局。

中文关键词:桂北平话湘南土话咸山摄一二等读音类型

The Pronunciations Types of the First and Second Divisions of Xian and Shan Rhyme Groups with Nasal Codas in Pinghua Dialects in Northern Guangxi and Tuhua Dialects in Southern Hunan

Abstract:The pronunciations of the first and second divisions of Xian and Shan rhyme groups with nasal codas in Pinghua dialects in northern Guangxi and Tuhua dialctes in southern Hunan are very complex. Most dialects can be divided into two levels:literary layer and colloquial one. According to the standards of whether Xian and Shan rhyme groups are merged, whether Kaikou rhymes and Hekou ones of Shan rhyme groups are merged, and whether the first and second divisions of Xian and Shan rhyme groups are merged individually, we can classify these dialects into several types. The two major dialects share both similarities and unique characteristics in terms of pronunciation types of these two rhyme groups. The commonality lies in the differentiation of different phonetic categories based on the grave and acute characteristics of the initial consonants in the colloquial layer, while the literary layer is influenced by Southwest Mandarin and has relatively consistent pronunciations. The first and second Kaikou divisions of Jian groups within Xian and Shan rhyme groups do not mix. The main vowels of Jian groups of the first Kaikou division of Shan rhyme groups are mainly rounded, but are usually different from those in Hekou. Personality is reflected in the aspects such as whether the first Kaikou division of the Jian group within the Shan rhyme group is merged with Hekou or not. Commonality reflects early patterns, while individuality reflects late ones.

keywords:Pinghua dialects in northern Guangxi Tuhua dialects in southern Hunan the first and second divisions of Xian and Shan rhyme groups pronunciation types

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