| “祭”“祀”的句法语义差异及演变探析 |
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| 引用本文：万群1，邵永海2.“祭”“祀”的句法语义差异及演变探析[J].湖南大学学报社会科学版,2025,(4):91-98 |
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| 中文摘要:“祭”与“祀”的差异及演变，映射了社会文化、礼制层面的重大变革；在语言层面，“祭”“祀”的句法语义特征亦发生变化。通过对出土与传世文献中“祭”“祀”的系统考察，细致剖析远古、上古汉语中“祭”“祀”的句法语义特征，可以深入探究其共时差异与历时演变：远古汉语中“祭”是特定的“五祀”之一，所关涉的对象、工具受限；“祀”是祭祀通称；二者句法表现也不同。上古汉语阶段，“祭”的义域扩大，与“祀”成为同义词，并凝固为联合式复音词，但也产生了新的差异：“祀”的附加意义、语用环境受限，而“祭”不受限，成为活跃的上位词；句法表现亦呈现新的差异。从上古至中古，“祭”取代了“祀”在祭祀动词系统中的中心词地位。 |
| 中文关键词:祭 祀 远古汉语 上古汉语 句法语义演变 |
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| An Analysis of the Syntactic and Semantic Differences between “Ji(祭)” and “Si(祀)” and Their Evolution |
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| Abstract:The differences and evolution of “ji(祭)” and “si(祀)” reflect significant changes in social culture and ritual systems. The syntactic and semantic features of “ji（祭）” and “si（祀）” have also changed. Through a systematic investigation of “ji(祭)” and “si(祀)” in excavated and transmitted texts, a detailed analysis of the syntactic and semantic characteristics of “ji(祭)” and “si(祀)” in Archaic and Ancient Chinese can deeply explore their synchronic differences and diachronic evolution：in Archaic Chinese, “ji(祭)” was one of the specific “Five Sacrifices”, and the objects and tools it involved were limited. “Si(祀)” was a general term for sacrifices, and the corresponding syntactic expressions were also different. In Ancient Chinese, the semantic range of “ji(祭)” expanded, and it became a synonym of “si(祀)”. New differences emerged between the two：the additional meanings and pragmatic environments of “si(祀)” were limited, while “ji(祭)” was not restricted. There are new differences in syntactic expressions between the two. From the Ancient to Early Medieval Chinese periods, “ji(祭)” replaced “si(祀)” as the central term in the sacrificial verb system. |
| keywords:ji(祭) si(祀) Ancient Chinese Archaic Chinese syntactic and semantic evolution |
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