关于《庄子·天下》篇成文年代及作者身份、立场问题

方勇; 刘心宇

关于《庄子·天下》篇成文年代及作者身份、立场问题

引用本文：方勇，刘心宇.关于《庄子·天下》篇成文年代及作者身份、立场问题[J].湖南大学学报社会科学版,2025,(4):114-121

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作者	单位
方勇，刘心宇	（华东师范大学中国语言文学系，上海 200241）

中文摘要:关于《庄子·天下》篇的成文年代和作者身份，历代注《庄》者聚讼纷纭。受宋代王安石和苏轼的影响，古代注本主要持“此篇为庄子自作”的观点，进而衍生出“此篇为全书后序”的说法，将《天下》篇认定为庄子自己为全书写定的总序，并且沿着以儒解《庄》的思路，认为此篇持儒家立场。明代朱得之较早指出此篇“非庄子作”，直至近代，此说渐盛。结合历代注《庄》者的观点及《庄子》文本来看，《天下》篇应成文于战国晚期，最迟不过秦并六国，其作者应当是庄子后学，其立场也站在道家学说中的庄子一脉，不以老子思想为尊，更不以儒家思想为归属。

中文关键词:《庄子·天下》篇成文年代作者身份庄子后学

On the Issues Concerning the Compilation Date of the Tianxia Chapter in Zhuangzi and the Identity and Stance of Its Author

Abstract:The compilation date and author identity of the Tianxia chapter in Zhuangzi have been subjects of endless scholarly debates throughout history. Influenced by Wang Anshi and Su Shi of the Song Dynasty，traditional annotated editions predominantly held the view that this chapter was authored by Zhuangzi himself，leading to the assertion that it served as a postscript summarizing the entire work. These scholars interpreted the Tianxia chapter as a general preface written by Zhuangzi for the book，aligning with a Confucian perspective on Zhuangzi’s philosophy. However，during the Ming Dynasty，Zhu Dezhi challenged this notion，arguing that the chapter was not authored by Zhuangzi. This view gained prominence in modern times. By examining the historical interpretations of Zhuangzi and analyzing the text itself，it can be concluded that the Tianxia chapter should have been compiled during the late Warring States Period，no earlier than the unification of the six states by Qin. Its author was probably a later disciple of Zhuangzi，adhering to the Daoist tradition initiated by Zhuangzi，without elevating Laozi’s thought to supremacy nor affiliating with Confucianism.

keywords:Tianxia chapter in Zhuangzi compilation date authorship a later disciple of Zhuangzi

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